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Lorraine Vivian Hansberry (May 19, 1930 – January 12, 1965) was an American playwright and writer.〔Lipari, Lisbeth. "Queering the borders: Lorraine Hansberry’s 1957 Letters to The Ladder" (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, Marriott Hotel, San Diego, CA, May 27, 2003 ). Online. 2008-06-28.〕 Hansberry inspired Nina Simone's song "To Be Young, Gifted and Black". She was the first black woman to write a play performed on Broadway. Her best known work, the play ''A Raisin in the Sun'', highlights the lives of Black Americans living under racial segregation in Chicago. Hansberry's family had struggled against segregation, challenging a restrictive covenant and eventually provoking the Supreme Court case ''Hansberry v. Lee''. The title of the play was taken from the poem "Harlem" by Langston Hughes: "What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun?" After she moved to New York City, Hansberry worked at the Pan-Africanist newspaper ''Freedom'', where she dealt with intellectuals such as Paul Robeson and W. E. B. Du Bois. Much of her work during this time concerned the African struggle for liberation and their impact on the world. Hansberry has been identified as a lesbian, and sexual freedom is an important topic in several of her works. She died of cancer at the age of 34. ==Family== Lorraine Hansberry was the youngest of four children born to Carl Augustus Hansberry, a successful real-estate broker, and Nannie Louise (born Perry) a school teacher. In 1938, her father bought a house in the Washington Park Subdivision of the South Side of Chicago, incurring the wrath of their white neighbors.〔 The latter's legal efforts to force the Hansberry family out culminated in the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Hansberry v. Lee. The restrictive covenant was ruled contestable, though not inherently invalid.〔''Hansberry v. Lee'', 311 U.S. 32〕 Carl Hansberry was also a supporter of the Urban League and NAACP in Chicago. Both Hansberrys were active in the Chicago Republican Party.〔Anderson, "Freedom Family" (2008), p. 263.〕 Carl died in 1946, when Lorraine was fifteen years old; "American racism helped kill him," she later said.〔Anderson, "Freedom Family" (2008), pp. 268–269.〕 The Hansberrys were routinely visited by prominent Black intellectuals, including W.E.B. Du Bois and Paul Robeson. Carl Hansberry's brother, William Leo Hansberry, founded the African Civilization section of the history department at Howard University.〔Wilkins, "Beyond Bandung" (2006), p. 194. "It was common for the Hansberry household to host a range of African-American luminaries such as Paul Robeson, W. E. B. Du Bois, Duke Ellington, Walter White, Joe E. Louis, Jesse Owens, and others. Indeed, Hansberry's uncle, William Leo Hansberry, was a distinguished professor of African history at Howard University and had made a name for himself as a specialist in African antiquity. Thus Hansberry became deeply familiar with pan-African ideas and the international contours of black liberation at an early age (8)."〕 Lorraine was taught: ‘‘Above all, there were two things which were never to be betrayed: the family and the race.’’〔 Lorraine Hansberry has many notable relatives including director and playwright Shauneille Perry, whose eldest child is named after her. Her grandniece is actress Taye Hansberry. Her cousin is the flautist, percussionist, and composer Aldridge Hansberry. Hansberry became the godmother to Nina Simone's daughter Lisa—now Simone.〔Nadine Cohodas, "Princess Noire: The Tumultuous Reign of Nina Simone"; Pantheon, 2010; (online ).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lorraine Hansberry」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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